Reference · the lab
← the library calculators simulators

Drag it, break it, put it back.

Every simulator from the course in one place, and eight calculators that show their working rather than just their answer — so you can check a computation and still learn something from it.

Calculators
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Simulators

Six ideas you cannot learn from a formula

Each one appears in its own volume too. Ten minutes here is worth an hour of reading — particularly the confidence-interval simulator, which is the fastest cure for the standard misinterpretation.

Volume 2 · day 19–20
The sampling distribution, built by hand

Draw samples from a skewed population and watch the distribution of their means go normal anyway. Change n and watch the spread shrink by √n.

Volume 3 · day 24
What 95% confidence actually means

Run a hundred studies from a known population. About five intervals miss. The probability belongs to the procedure, not to any one interval.

Volume 3 · days 26–30
α, β, power and effect size in one picture

Move the true effect and the sample size and watch the four quantities trade against one another. Set d = 0.3 with n = 30 and see how little power the typical study has.

Volume 2 · day 21
The distribution explorer: t, χ² and F

Drag your test statistic and watch the tail area. Change df and watch t approach the normal curve.

Volume 5 · day 51
What each value of r looks like

Set r to .30 — a typical published effect — and look at the cloud. Then hide the value and guess it a dozen times to calibrate your eye.

Volume 4 · day 39
Where F comes from

Separate the group means and watch F rise; widen the within-group spread and watch it collapse. F is a ratio of two kinds of variability, and nothing more.

The other two reference tools
Describe a design and get the test, its assumptions and its effect size — or drill the syllabus, the formula sheet and the question bank.
Which test? → Exam drill →